Ushuaia is the capital of the province of Tierra del Fuego, is the southernmost city in the world, is encircled by a range of rugged peaks and fronted by the Beagle Channel (named for HMS Beagle, the ship of Charles Darwin), it has approximately 64,000 inhabitants. Ushuaia means "bay penetrating westward" in the Yamana language. In the past, the town was home of the Yamana Indians, later it was a penal colony for serious criminals (being a remote island, escape from the prison would have been impossible), prisoners built the train known as the Tren del Fin del Mundo (End of the Earth Train), Ushuaia was also a naval base for the Argentine government. The population is growing fast as a result of immigration and tourism, the government has designated Tierra del Fuego as a virtually tax free zone, to encourage people to settle. Its climate is not as severe as it seems, the mountains and the sea soften it, temperatures rarely drop below -10 degrees, in summer temperatures are above the +12 degrees.
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